Concepts of Operations
NATO and Intermediate Force Capabilities: Why Human Effects Matter
Introduction
On February 24, 2022, when Russia invaded Ukraine, the international order was impacted sharply and abruptly. Russia’s invasion put the North American Treaty Organization (NATO) on center stage. As a contribution to international security, NATO’s deterrence capabilities take many forms. From nuclear weapons to cyberattacks, to be effective, deterrence must be scalable across a conflict spectrum that includes non-kinetic actions.
21.2.09_ifc_human_f.pdf — Downloaded 924 timesLaunching Narrative into the Information Battlefield
Introduction
21.2.08_launching_narrative_f.pdf — Downloaded 835 timesGaming Intermediate Force Capabilities: Strategic Implications of Tactical Decisions
Introduction
Hybrid Threats
In recent years, analysis of the international security environment has increasingly focused on hybrid threat tactics in the grey zone.
21.2.07_gaming.pdf — Downloaded 869 timesHow to Assess the Impact of Non-Lethal Weapons
Introduction
Non-lethal weapons (NLWs) represent a diverse set of systems whose common feature is that they are intended to incapacitate rather than kill or destroy. For example, they include laser dazzlers that cause targets to experience intense glare, the Active Denial System (ADS) that emits millimeter-wave energy to cause a temporary heating sensation, pepper balls that irritate eyes and airways, blunt-impact munitions such as rubber bullets and bean bags, and vessel-stopping technologies that entangle propellers.
21.2.06_nlws.pdf — Downloaded 1177 timesDeveloping a NATO Intermediate Force Capabilities Concept
Introduction
What Motivates the Need for an IFC Concept?
Adversaries know NATO’s lethal capabilities and the thresholds for their use. And they exploit this. They avoid direct symmetrical engagements, instead maneuvering below lethal thresholds, pursuing their aims observed but undeterred. Or, they act indirectly through proxies or intermediaries, blending in and engaging only at times and places of their choosing.
21.2.05_nelson.pdf — Downloaded 867 timesNonlethal Weapons and Intermediate Force: A Necessary Complement to Lethality
Introduction
The phrase nonlethal weapons often brings to mind capabilities such as bean bags, rubber bullets, pepper spray, and electric stun guns. These capabilities are used domestically by law enforcement and by the military, primarily for protection and security missions. Nonlethal weapons (NLW) technology, however, has advanced significantly over the past 20 years.
21.2.04_intermediate_capabilities.pdf — Downloaded 1224 timesCognitive Attacks in Russian Hybrid Warfare
Cognitive Attacks in Russian Hybrid Warfare — Downloaded 8898 times