Doctrine
Gaming Intermediate Force Capabilities: Strategic Implications of Tactical Decisions
Introduction
Hybrid Threats
In recent years, analysis of the international security environment has increasingly focused on hybrid threat tactics in the grey zone.
Developing a NATO Intermediate Force Capabilities Concept
Introduction
What Motivates the Need for an IFC Concept?
Adversaries know NATO’s lethal capabilities and the thresholds for their use. And they exploit this. They avoid direct symmetrical engagements, instead maneuvering below lethal thresholds, pursuing their aims observed but undeterred. Or, they act indirectly through proxies or intermediaries, blending in and engaging only at times and places of their choosing.
The 'Grey Zone' and Hybrid Activities
Introduction
The Current Security Environment: Hybrid Threats and the Grey Zone
In recent years, studies of the international security environment have increasingly drawn attention to what is becoming understood as hybrid threats and the grey zone.[1] A recent RAND study defined the grey zone as “an operational space between peace and war, involving coercive actions to change the status quo below a threshold that, in most cases, would prompt a conventional
Twenty-first Century Threats Require Twenty-first Century Deterrence
Introduction
Soon after the defeat of Germany in World War II, the USA and the USSR found themselves in a global struggle for power and influence. In contrast to previous great power competitions, which often led to armed conflict, nuclear weapons changed the risk calculus for both sides. This had four key consequences.
Deterrence in Eastern Europe in Theory and Practice