Omar Dewachi, Ungovernable Life: Mandatory Medicine and Statecraft in Iraq (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2017).
United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia and the World Bank, The Somalia Security and Justice Sector Public Expenditure Review (Washington, January 2017) https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/644671486531571103/pdf/Somalia-Security-and-justice-sector-public-expenditure-review.pdf
Blake William Mobley, “Terrorist Group Counterintelligence,” PhD dissertation (Washington, DC: Georgetown University, 2008), https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553096/mobleyBlake.pdf
Audrey Kurth Cronin, “How al-Qaida Ends: The Decline and Demise of the Terrorist Group,” International Security 31, no. 1 (2006): 7-48.
Mohamed Haji Ingiriis, “Insurgency and International Extraversion in Somalia: The National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA) and Al-Shabaab’s Amniyat,” African Security Review 29, no. 2 (2020): 125-151, https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2020.1740752
Gábor Sinkó and János Besenyő, “Comparison of the Secret Service of al-Shabaab, the Amniyat, and the National Intelligence and Security Agency (Somalia),” International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence (2021), https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.1987143
Zakarie Ahmed nor Kheyre, “The Evolution of the Al-Shabaab Jihadist Intelligence Structure,” Intelligence and National Security 37, no. 7 (2022): 1061-1082, https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2095599
Olivier Roy, Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah (New York: Columbia University Press, 2006).
Ken Menkhaus, “Somalia: They Created a Desert and Called it Peace (building),” Review of African Political Economy 36, no. 120 (2009): 223-233, https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240903083136
Roland Marchal, “The Rise of a Jihadi Movement in a Country at War: Harakat al-Shabaab al Mujaheddin in Somalia,” Research Report (SciencesPo, CERI, 2011), https://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl:/2441/5ncvgncesl8n4a0rpg5k3c1j5p/resources/art-rm2-1.pdf
United Nations Security Council, “Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1853 (2008),” S/2010/91 (UN, March 2010), 31, https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/report-monitoring-group-somalia-pursuant-security-council-resolution-1853-2008
Daveed Gartenstein-Ross, “The Strategic Challenge of Somalia’s Al-Shabaab,” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 4 (2009): 25-36.
Péter Kiss-Álmos, János Besenyő, and István Resperger, Szomália: Országismertető [Somalia: Country Profile] (Budapest: Honvéd Vezérkar, 2014).
Christopher Anzalone, “Al-Shabab’s Setbacks in Somalia,” CTC Sentinel 4, no. 10 (October 2011): 22-25, https://ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/CTCSentinel-Vol4Iss106.pdf
Human Rights Watch, “Somalia: Al Shabaab Attack Indefensible: Mogadishu Bombing Shows Price Being Paid by Civilians,” October 5, 2011, https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/10/05/somalia-al-shabaab-attack-indefensible
Ken Menkhaus, “No Access: Critical Bottlenecks in the 2011 Somali Famine,” Global Food Security 1, no. 1 (December 2012): 29-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2012.07.004
Barbara Starr, “U.N. Report: Al-Shabaab is Raising Millions Illegally in Somalia,” CNN World, August 5, 2011, https://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/08/05/somalia.al.shabaab.report/
Robert Burns and Lolita C. Baldor, “US Confirms Death of Somalia Terror Group Leader,” The Times of Israel, September 5, 2014, https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-confirms-death-of-somalia-terror-group-leader/
Claire Klobucista, Jonathan Masters, and Mohammed Aly Sergie, “Al-Shabab,” Backgrounder, Council on Foreign Relations, updated May 19, 2021, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab
Christopher Anzalone and Jason Warner, “Al-Shabaab,”Oxford Bibliographies, updated June 23, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1093/OBO/9780199743292-0303
National Counterterrorism Center, “Counter Terrorism Guide: Al Shabaab” (Office of the Director of National Intelligence, 2022), https://www.dni.gov/nctc/groups/al_shabaab.html
United Nations Security Council, “Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 2060 (2012): Somalia,” S/2013/413 (UN, July 2013), 7, https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/report-monitoring-group-somalia-and-eritrea-pursuant-security-council-resolution-2060
Anneli Botha and Mahdi Abdile, “Radicalisation and al-Shabaab Recruitment in Somalia,” ISS Paper 266 (Institute for Security Studies, September 2014), https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/Paper266.pdf
Harun Maruf and Dan Joseph, Inside Al-Shabaab: The Secret History of Al-Qaeda’s Most Powerful Ally (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2018), 90.
Carlos Revilla Arango, “Insurgent Counterintelligence,” Studies in Intelligence 12, no. 1 (Winter 1968): 39-54.
Ken Menkhaus, “Al-Shabab’s Capabilities Post-Westgate,” CTC Sentinel 7, no. 2 (February 2014): 4-9, https://ctc.westpoint.edu/al-shababs-capabilities-post-westgate/
János Besenyő, “Low-cost Attacks, Unnoticeable Plots? Overview on the Economical Character of Current Terrorism,”Strategic Impact 62, no. 1 (2017): 83-100, http://real.mtak.hu/83718/1/low_cost_attacks_unnoticeable_plots_overview_on_the_economical_character_of_current_terrorism.pdf
Peter Bergen, Bruce Hoffman, and Katherine Tiedemann, “Assessing the Jihadist Terrorist Threat to America and American Interests,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 34, no. 2 (2011): 65-101, https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2011.538830
Matt Bryden, “The Reinvention of Al-Shabaab: A Strategy of Choice or Necessity?” A Report of the CSIS Africa Program (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic & International Studies, February 2014), https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/140221_Bryden_ReinventionOfAlShabaab_Web.pdf
Hassan M. Abukar, “Somalia: The Godane Coup and the Unraveling of Al-Shabaab,” African Arguments, July 2, 2013, https://africanarguments.org/2013/07/somalia-the-godane-coup-and-the-unraveling-of-al-shabaab-by-hassan-m-abukar/
Stig Jarle Hansen, Al-Shabaab in Somalia: The History and Ideology of a Militant Islamist Group (London: Hurst, 2013).
Michael Horton, “Reclaiming Lost Ground in Somalia: The Enduring Threat of al-Shabaab,” Terrorism Monitor 15, no. 15 (2017): 8-11, https://jamestown.org/program/reclaiming-lost-ground-in-somalia-the-enduring-threat-of-al-shabaab/
“Car Bomb Rocks Mogadishu Hours after Somalia Cabinet Announcement,” The New Arab, 2017, https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/3/21/car-bomb-rocks-mogadishu-hours-after-somalia-cabinet-announcement
Gábor Sinkó, “Different Times, Same Methods: The Impact of the National Security Service on the Operations of the National Intelligence and Security Agency,” Journal of Central and Eastern European African Studies 1, no. 1-2 (2021): 112-123, https://jceeas.bdi.uni-obuda.hu/index.php/jceeas/article/view/6
Daniel Maxwell and Nisar Majid, eds., Famine in Somalia: Competing Imperatives, Collective Failures, 2011-2012 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).
Omar Faruk and Max Bearak, “If I Don’t Pay, They Kill Me: Al-Shabab Tightens Grip on Somalia with Growing Tax Racket,”The Washington Post, August 30, 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/if-i-dont-pay-they-kill-me-al-shabab-tightens-its-grip-on-somalia-with-growing-tax-racket/2019/08/30/81472b38-beac-11e9-a8b0-7ed8a0d5dc5d_story.html
Harun Maruf, “In Somalia, Businesses Face ‘Taxation’ by Militants,” VoA, December 3, 2018, www.voanews.com/a/in-somalia-businesses-face-taxation-by-militants/4684759.html