Eastern Europe
Balancing Defense and Civil Support Tasks: The Impact of Covid-19 on the Bulgarian Military’s Roles
Introduction
The Bulgarian armed forces, just like the armed forces in many other countries, have three main roles: defense of the sovereignty and the national territory, contribution to international peace and security, and contribution to internal security, particularly in times of crises. In peacetime, the third of these roles is most visible to society. The military contribution during the Covid-19 pandemic makes no exception.
19.2.05_tagarev_covid-bulgaria_military_roles.pdf — Downloaded 3393 timesCoronavirus Pandemic and Reactions in the EU Accession Classes of 2004-2007
Introduction
Since the Coronavirus pandemic has hijacked the security agenda and gained priority in international politics, for the time being, speculation has been rife about how long this world change will last. Views vary: Some start out from the view that the pandemic is no more than a hiccup and, after a limited period of a few months or a maximum of two years, the world will return to “normality,” particularly if a vaccination becomes available worldwide.
19.2.03_dunay_covid-east_central_europe.pdf — Downloaded 2732 timesTransformation of Security and Intelligence Services in Latvia
Introduction
Latvia had lost its statehood de facto in the years of the Soviet occupation. Its security structures during the Soviet period were established by an external, hostile force. Therefore, we cannot talk about the ‘transformation’ of Latvian security services in 1990 and 1991, but rather about ‘demolition’ and ‘rebuilding anew.’
18.3.06_kudors_intelligence_latvia.pdf — Downloaded 1854 timesTransformation of the State Security in the Slovak Republic from 1989 to 1992
Introduction
The following article describes the transformation process of the State Security (hereinafter StB) [1] in the Slovak Republic, which began after the “Velvet Revolution” in November 1989. Following the “Velvet Revolution,” a democratization process was initiated in all areas of social life, including political, economic, social, as well as changes in the security services.
18.3.05_transformation_intelligence_slovak_republic.pdf — Downloaded 1440 timesTransformation of the Security and Intelligence Services in the Czech Republic
Introduction
In 1989, Czechoslovakia was an integral part of the Soviet bloc, a member of the Warsaw Pact and, although there were significant changes in the Soviet Union weakening its power over its satellites, the then top Czechoslovak officials still kept their traditional, very rigid positions.
18.3.04_transformation_intelligence_czech_republic.pdf — Downloaded 2561 timesSouth Caucasus, PME and Intelligence Services’ Transformation in Focus
None of the important time-critical processes described and analyzed in the articles presented here could have been realized without expert advice provided by NATO initiatives and the cooperation with NATO member and partner countries. Thus, the Defense Education Enhancement Program (DEEP) played and continues to play a crucial role in Professional Military Education (PME) and interoperability in the Southern Caucasus.
18.3.00_fluri_editorial.pdf — Downloaded 1228 timesCyberwar in Russian and USA Military-Political Thought: A Comparative View
4326_cybrid_russia_us_views.pdf — Downloaded 4156 timesCross-domain Coercion as Russia’s Endeavor to Weaken the Eastern Flank of NATO: A Latvian Case Study
Introduction
18.1.03_cross-domain_coercion.pdf — Downloaded 1124 timesDeterrence and Defense at the Eastern Flank of NATO and the EU: Readiness and Interoperability in the Context of Forward Presence
NATO Presence in Eastern Europe after the Changes of 1989 [1]
The elaboration in this article is based on developments of multinational formations in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)/South Eastern Europe (SEE), improving their interoperability and readiness through multinational projects, especially in the area of Communications and Information (C&I), and adequate education and training, including exercises.
18.1.02_deterrence_eastern_flank.pdf — Downloaded 2012 timesDeterrence in Eastern Europe in Theory and Practice
18.1.01_driver_deterrence_eastern_europe.pdf — Downloaded 1513 times