@article{bibcite_23390,
  keywords = {case study, curriculum design, DEEP, evaluation, Kirkpatrick, PfP Consortium, PME, Professional Military Education, reference curriculum},
  author = {Timothy Dreifke and Iryna Lysychkina},
  title = {Reference Curricula: An Impactful Tool for Institutional Capacity Building?},
  abstract = {<p>This article examines the motivation, history, development, implementation, and assessment of reference curricula by the Partnership for Peace Consortium and the Defense Education Enhancement Program. Driven by partner nations\&$\#$039; demands to modernize teaching techniques and curricula within their professional military education institutions, this article explains how flexible yet standardized curricula catalyze institutional reform. The discussion then transitions to a theoretical exploration of reference curricula development, focusing on educational standardization, institutional transfer, and military transformation. Next, the article describes the implementation of reference curricula, illustrated by a case study from the Moldovan Military Academy. The article concludes with both theoretical and practical discussions to assess the impact of reference curricula, using Kirkpatrick\&$\#$039;s Four-Level Evaluation Model, as well as alternatives that account for national and cultural contexts.</p>
},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Connections: The Quarterly Journal},
  volume = {24},
  chapter = {113},
  pages = {113-127},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.11610/Connections.24.1.08},
  language = {eng},
}